> Source URL: /resources/string-concatenation.guide
# String Concatenation

Concatenation means joining strings together to make one string.

## Example

```python
first = "Ada"
last = "Lovelace"
full = first + " " + last
print(full)
# outputs: Ada Lovelace
```

## Rules

- Use `+` to join strings.
- Add spaces yourself: `"Hello" + " " + "world"`.
- Convert non-strings with `str()` or use f-strings.

## More Examples

**Print a message with a count:**

When concatenating a string with a number, you need to convert the number to a string using the `str()` function. If you don't, you will get a type error.

```python
count = 3
print("You have " + str(count) + " new messages")
```

**Print a dynamic border with end and beginning characters:**

```python
border_width = 10
# subtract 2 for the "-" characters to account for the beginning and ending "+" characters os that they still add up to the border_width
print("+" * "-" * (border_width - 2) + "+")
# outputs: +----------+
```


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## Backlinks

The following sources link to this document:

- [String Concatenation Guide](/resources/resources.index.llm.md)
- [string concatenation](/unit-1/projects/01-me-dot-py/me-dot-py.project.llm.md)